Step 1:

sql Table Modification or Must be added

`asset_id` int(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'FK to the #__assets table.',
`ordering` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

Step 2:

In controller

class CoursesController extends AdminController
{
	public function getModel($name = 'Courses', $prefix = 'Administrator', $config = array('ignore_request' => true))
	{
		return parent::getModel($name, $prefix, $config);
	}
}

Step 3:

In Table

class CoursesTable extends Table { 
	public function __construct(DatabaseDriver $db)
	{
		parent::__construct('#__lmst_courses', 'id', $db);
	}
}

Step 4:

In tmpl

use Joomla\CMS\Session\Session;
$listOrder = $this->escape($this->state->get('list.ordering'));
$listDirn  = $this->escape($this->state->get('list.direction'));
$saveOrder = $listOrder == 'ordering';

if (strpos($listOrder, 'publish_up') !== false) {
    $orderingColumn = 'publish_up';
} elseif (strpos($listOrder, 'publish_down') !== false) {
    $orderingColumn = 'publish_down';
} elseif (strpos($listOrder, 'modified') !== false) {
    $orderingColumn = 'modified';
} else {
    $orderingColumn = 'created';
}

if ($saveOrder && !empty($this->items)) {
    $saveOrderingUrl= 'index.php?option=com_lmstarbiats&task=lessons.saveOrderAjax&tmpl=component&' . Session::getFormToken() . '=1';
    HTMLHelper::_('draggablelist.draggable');
}

<tbody class="js-draggable" data-url=" " data-direction=" " data-nested="true" > >

Step 5:

In Model

use Joomla\CMS\UCM\UCMType;
class CoursesModel extends ListModel
{
	public function __construct($config = array())
	{
		if (empty($config['filter_fields']))
		{
			$config['filter_fields'] = array(
				'id', 
				'ordering', 'a.ordering',
			);
		}

		parent::__construct($config);
	}

/* ADD AdminModel Functions directly in your Model */
	/**
     * Method to perform batch operations on an item or a set of items.
     *
     * @param   array  $commands  An array of commands to perform.
     * @param   array  $pks       An array of item ids.
     * @param   array  $contexts  An array of item contexts.
     *
     * @return  boolean  Returns true on success, false on failure.
     *
     * @since   1.7
     */
    public function batch($commands, $pks, $contexts)
    {
        // Sanitize ids.
        $pks = array_unique($pks);
        $pks = ArrayHelper::toInteger($pks);

        // Remove any values of zero.
        if (array_search(0, $pks, true)) {
            unset($pks[array_search(0, $pks, true)]);
        }

        if (empty($pks)) {
            $this->setError(Text::_('JGLOBAL_NO_ITEM_SELECTED'));

            return false;
        }

        $done = false;

        // Initialize re-usable member properties
        $this->initBatch();

        if ($this->batch_copymove && !empty($commands[$this->batch_copymove])) {
            $cmd = ArrayHelper::getValue($commands, 'move_copy', 'c');

            if ($cmd === 'c') {
                $result = $this->batchCopy($commands[$this->batch_copymove], $pks, $contexts);

                if (\is_array($result)) {
                    foreach ($result as $old => $new) {
                        $contexts[$new] = $contexts[$old];
                    }

                    $pks = array_values($result);
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            } elseif ($cmd === 'm' && !$this->batchMove($commands[$this->batch_copymove], $pks, $contexts)) {
                return false;
            }

            $done = true;
        }

        foreach ($this->batch_commands as $identifier => $command) {
            if (!empty($commands[$identifier])) {
                if (!$this->$command($commands[$identifier], $pks, $contexts)) {
                    return false;
                }

                $done = true;
            }
        }

        if (!$done) {
            $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BATCH_INFORMATION'));

            return false;
        }

        // Clear the cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Batch access level changes for a group of rows.
     *
     * @param   integer  $value     The new value matching an Asset Group ID.
     * @param   array    $pks       An array of row IDs.
     * @param   array    $contexts  An array of item contexts.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false otherwise and internal error is set.
     *
     * @since   1.7
     */
    protected function batchAccess($value, $pks, $contexts)
    {
        // Initialize re-usable member properties, and re-usable local variables
        $this->initBatch();

        foreach ($pks as $pk) {
            if ($this->user->authorise('core.edit', $contexts[$pk])) {
                $this->table->reset();
                $this->table->load($pk);
                $this->table->access = (int) $value;

                $event = new BeforeBatchEvent(
                    $this->event_before_batch,
                    ['src' => $this->table, 'type' => 'access']
                );
                $this->dispatchEvent($event);

                // Check the row.
                if (!$this->table->check()) {
                    $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                    return false;
                }

                if (!$this->table->store()) {
                    $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_CANNOT_EDIT'));

                return false;
            }
        }

        // Clean the cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Batch copy items to a new category or current.
     *
     * @param   integer  $value     The new category.
     * @param   array    $pks       An array of row IDs.
     * @param   array    $contexts  An array of item contexts.
     *
     * @return  array|boolean  An array of new IDs on success, boolean false on failure.
     *
     * @since   1.7
     */
    protected function batchCopy($value, $pks, $contexts)
    {
        // Initialize re-usable member properties, and re-usable local variables
        $this->initBatch();

        $categoryId = $value;

        if (!$this->checkCategoryId($categoryId)) {
            return false;
        }

        $newIds = [];
        $db     = $this->getDbo();

        // Parent exists so let's proceed
        while (!empty($pks)) {
            // Pop the first ID off the stack
            $pk = array_shift($pks);

            $this->table->reset();

            // Check that the row actually exists
            if (!$this->table->load($pk)) {
                if ($error = $this->table->getError()) {
                    // Fatal error
                    $this->setError($error);

                    return false;
                } else {
                    // Not fatal error
                    $this->setError(Text::sprintf('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_MOVE_ROW_NOT_FOUND', $pk));
                    continue;
                }
            }

            // Check for asset_id
            if ($this->table->hasField($this->table->getColumnAlias('asset_id'))) {
                $oldAssetId = $this->table->asset_id;
            }

            $this->generateTitle($categoryId, $this->table);

            // Reset the ID because we are making a copy
            $this->table->id = 0;

            // Unpublish because we are making a copy
            if (isset($this->table->published)) {
                $this->table->published = 0;
            } elseif (isset($this->table->state)) {
                $this->table->state = 0;
            }

            $hitsAlias = $this->table->getColumnAlias('hits');

            if (isset($this->table->$hitsAlias)) {
                $this->table->$hitsAlias = 0;
            }

            // New category ID
            $this->table->catid = $categoryId;

            $event = new BeforeBatchEvent(
                $this->event_before_batch,
                ['src' => $this->table, 'type' => 'copy']
            );
            $this->dispatchEvent($event);

            // @todo: Deal with ordering?
            // $this->table->ordering = 1;

            // Check the row.
            if (!$this->table->check()) {
                $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Store the row.
            if (!$this->table->store()) {
                $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Get the new item ID
            $newId = $this->table->get('id');

            if (!empty($oldAssetId)) {
                $dbType = strtolower($db->getServerType());

                // Copy rules
                $query = $db->getQuery(true);
                $query->clear()
                    ->update($db->quoteName('#__assets', 't'));

                if ($dbType === 'mysql') {
                    $query->set($db->quoteName('t.rules') . ' = ' . $db->quoteName('s.rules'));
                } else {
                    $query->set($db->quoteName('rules') . ' = ' . $db->quoteName('s.rules'));
                }

                $query->join(
                    'INNER',
                    $db->quoteName('#__assets', 's'),
                    $db->quoteName('s.id') . ' = :oldassetid'
                )
                    ->where($db->quoteName('t.id') . ' = :assetid')
                    ->bind(':oldassetid', $oldAssetId, ParameterType::INTEGER)
                    ->bind(':assetid', $this->table->asset_id, ParameterType::INTEGER);

                $db->setQuery($query)->execute();
            }

            $this->cleanupPostBatchCopy($this->table, $newId, $pk);

            // Add the new ID to the array
            $newIds[$pk] = $newId;
        }

        // Clean the cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return $newIds;
    }

    /**
     * Function that can be overridden to do any data cleanup after batch copying data
     *
     * @param   TableInterface  $table  The table object containing the newly created item
     * @param   integer         $newId  The id of the new item
     * @param   integer         $oldId  The original item id
     *
     * @return  void
     *
     * @since  3.8.12
     */
    protected function cleanupPostBatchCopy(TableInterface $table, $newId, $oldId)
    {
    }

    /**
     * Batch language changes for a group of rows.
     *
     * @param   string  $value     The new value matching a language.
     * @param   array   $pks       An array of row IDs.
     * @param   array   $contexts  An array of item contexts.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false otherwise and internal error is set.
     *
     * @since   2.5
     */
    protected function batchLanguage($value, $pks, $contexts)
    {
        // Initialize re-usable member properties, and re-usable local variables
        $this->initBatch();

        foreach ($pks as $pk) {
            if ($this->user->authorise('core.edit', $contexts[$pk])) {
                $this->table->reset();
                $this->table->load($pk);
                $this->table->language = $value;

                $event = new BeforeBatchEvent(
                    $this->event_before_batch,
                    ['src' => $this->table, 'type' => 'language']
                );
                $this->dispatchEvent($event);

                // Check the row.
                if (!$this->table->check()) {
                    $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                    return false;
                }

                if (!$this->table->store()) {
                    $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_CANNOT_EDIT'));

                return false;
            }
        }

        // Clean the cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Batch move items to a new category
     *
     * @param   integer  $value     The new category ID.
     * @param   array    $pks       An array of row IDs.
     * @param   array    $contexts  An array of item contexts.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false otherwise and internal error is set.
     *
     * @since   1.7
     */
    protected function batchMove($value, $pks, $contexts)
    {
        // Initialize re-usable member properties, and re-usable local variables
        $this->initBatch();

        $categoryId = (int) $value;

        if (!$this->checkCategoryId($categoryId)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Parent exists so we proceed
        foreach ($pks as $pk) {
            if (!$this->user->authorise('core.edit', $contexts[$pk])) {
                $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_CANNOT_EDIT'));

                return false;
            }

            // Check that the row actually exists
            if (!$this->table->load($pk)) {
                if ($error = $this->table->getError()) {
                    // Fatal error
                    $this->setError($error);

                    return false;
                } else {
                    // Not fatal error
                    $this->setError(Text::sprintf('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_MOVE_ROW_NOT_FOUND', $pk));
                    continue;
                }
            }

            // Set the new category ID
            $this->table->catid = $categoryId;

            $event = new BeforeBatchEvent(
                $this->event_before_batch,
                ['src' => $this->table, 'type' => 'move']
            );
            $this->dispatchEvent($event);

            // Check the row.
            if (!$this->table->check()) {
                $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Store the row.
            if (!$this->table->store()) {
                $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                return false;
            }
        }

        // Clean the cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Batch tag a list of item.
     *
     * @param   integer  $value     The value of the new tag.
     * @param   array    $pks       An array of row IDs.
     * @param   array    $contexts  An array of item contexts.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false otherwise and internal error is set.
     *
     * @since   3.1
     */
    protected function batchTag($value, $pks, $contexts)
    {
        // Initialize re-usable member properties, and re-usable local variables
        $this->initBatch();
        $tags = [$value];

        foreach ($pks as $pk) {
            if ($this->user->authorise('core.edit', $contexts[$pk])) {
                $this->table->reset();
                $this->table->load($pk);

                $setTagsEvent = \Joomla\CMS\Event\AbstractEvent::create(
                    'onTableSetNewTags',
                    [
                        'subject'     => $this->table,
                        'newTags'     => $tags,
                        'replaceTags' => false,
                    ]
                );

                try {
                    $this->table->getDispatcher()->dispatch('onTableSetNewTags', $setTagsEvent);
                } catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
                    $this->setError($e->getMessage());

                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_CANNOT_EDIT'));

                return false;
            }
        }

        // Clean the cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Method to test whether a record can be deleted.
     *
     * @param   object  $record  A record object.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if allowed to delete the record. Defaults to the permission for the component.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    protected function canDelete($record)
    {
        return Factory::getUser()->authorise('core.delete', $this->option);
    }

    /**
     * Method to test whether a record can have its state changed.
     *
     * @param   object  $record  A record object.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if allowed to change the state of the record. Defaults to the permission for the component.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    protected function canEditState($record)
    {
        return Factory::getUser()->authorise('core.edit.state', $this->option);
    }

    /**
     * Method override to check-in a record or an array of record
     *
     * @param   mixed  $pks  The ID of the primary key or an array of IDs
     *
     * @return  integer|boolean  Boolean false if there is an error, otherwise the count of records checked in.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function checkin($pks = [])
    {
        $pks   = (array) $pks;
        $table = $this->getTable();
        $count = 0;

        if (empty($pks)) {
            $pks = [(int) $this->getState($this->getName() . '.id')];
        }

        $checkedOutField = $table->getColumnAlias('checked_out');

        // Check in all items.
        foreach ($pks as $pk) {
            if ($table->load($pk)) {
                if ($table->{$checkedOutField} > 0) {
                    if (!parent::checkin($pk)) {
                        return false;
                    }

                    $count++;
                }
            } else {
                $this->setError($table->getError());

                return false;
            }
        }

        return $count;
    }

    /**
     * Method override to check-out a record.
     *
     * @param   integer  $pk  The ID of the primary key.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false if an error occurs.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function checkout($pk = null)
    {
        $pk = (!empty($pk)) ? $pk : (int) $this->getState($this->getName() . '.id');

        return parent::checkout($pk);
    }

    /**
     * Method to delete one or more records.
     *
     * @param   array  &$pks  An array of record primary keys.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false if an error occurs.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function delete(&$pks)
    {
        $pks   = ArrayHelper::toInteger((array) $pks);
        $table = $this->getTable();

        // Include the plugins for the delete events.
        PluginHelper::importPlugin($this->events_map['delete']);

        // Iterate the items to delete each one.
        foreach ($pks as $i => $pk) {
            if ($table->load($pk)) {
                if ($this->canDelete($table)) {
                    $context = $this->option . '.' . $this->name;

                    // Trigger the before delete event.
                    $result = Factory::getApplication()->triggerEvent($this->event_before_delete, [$context, $table]);

                    if (\in_array(false, $result, true)) {
                        $this->setError($table->getError());

                        return false;
                    }

                    // Multilanguage: if associated, delete the item in the _associations table
                    if ($this->associationsContext && Associations::isEnabled()) {
                        $db    = $this->getDbo();
                        $query = $db->getQuery(true)
                            ->select(
                                [
                                    'COUNT(*) AS ' . $db->quoteName('count'),
                                    $db->quoteName('as1.key'),
                                ]
                            )
                            ->from($db->quoteName('#__associations', 'as1'))
                            ->join('LEFT', $db->quoteName('#__associations', 'as2'), $db->quoteName('as1.key') . ' = ' . $db->quoteName('as2.key'))
                            ->where(
                                [
                                    $db->quoteName('as1.context') . ' = :context',
                                    $db->quoteName('as1.id') . ' = :pk',
                                ]
                            )
                            ->bind(':context', $this->associationsContext)
                            ->bind(':pk', $pk, ParameterType::INTEGER)
                            ->group($db->quoteName('as1.key'));

                        $db->setQuery($query);
                        $row = $db->loadAssoc();

                        if (!empty($row['count'])) {
                            $query = $db->getQuery(true)
                                ->delete($db->quoteName('#__associations'))
                                ->where(
                                    [
                                        $db->quoteName('context') . ' = :context',
                                        $db->quoteName('key') . ' = :key',
                                    ]
                                )
                                ->bind(':context', $this->associationsContext)
                                ->bind(':key', $row['key']);

                            if ($row['count'] > 2) {
                                $query->where($db->quoteName('id') . ' = :pk')
                                    ->bind(':pk', $pk, ParameterType::INTEGER);
                            }

                            $db->setQuery($query);
                            $db->execute();
                        }
                    }

                    if (!$table->delete($pk)) {
                        $this->setError($table->getError());

                        return false;
                    }

                    // Trigger the after event.
                    Factory::getApplication()->triggerEvent($this->event_after_delete, [$context, $table]);
                } else {
                    // Prune items that you can't change.
                    unset($pks[$i]);
                    $error = $this->getError();

                    if ($error) {
                        Log::add($error, Log::WARNING, 'jerror');

                        return false;
                    } else {
                        Log::add(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_DELETE_NOT_PERMITTED'), Log::WARNING, 'jerror');

                        return false;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $this->setError($table->getError());

                return false;
            }
        }

        // Clear the component's cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Method to change the title & alias.
     *
     * @param   integer  $categoryId  The id of the category.
     * @param   string   $alias       The alias.
     * @param   string   $title       The title.
     *
     * @return  array  Contains the modified title and alias.
     *
     * @since   1.7
     */
    protected function generateNewTitle($categoryId, $alias, $title)
    {
        // Alter the title & alias
        $table      = $this->getTable();
        $aliasField = $table->getColumnAlias('alias');
        $catidField = $table->getColumnAlias('catid');
        $titleField = $table->getColumnAlias('title');

        while ($table->load([$aliasField => $alias, $catidField => $categoryId])) {
            if ($title === $table->$titleField) {
                $title = StringHelper::increment($title);
            }

            $alias = StringHelper::increment($alias, 'dash');
        }

        return [$title, $alias];
    }

    /**
     * Method to get a single record.
     *
     * @param   integer  $pk  The id of the primary key.
     *
     * @return  CMSObject|boolean  Object on success, false on failure.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function getItem($pk = null)
    {
        $pk    = (!empty($pk)) ? $pk : (int) $this->getState($this->getName() . '.id');
        $table = $this->getTable();

        if ($pk > 0) {
            // Attempt to load the row.
            $return = $table->load($pk);

            // Check for a table object error.
            if ($return === false) {
                // If there was no underlying error, then the false means there simply was not a row in the db for this $pk.
                if (!$table->getError()) {
                    $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_NOT_EXIST'));
                } else {
                    $this->setError($table->getError());
                }

                return false;
            }
        }

        // Convert to the CMSObject before adding other data.
        $properties = $table->getProperties(1);
        $item       = ArrayHelper::toObject($properties, CMSObject::class);

        if (property_exists($item, 'params')) {
            $registry     = new Registry($item->params);
            $item->params = $registry->toArray();
        }

        return $item;
    }

    /**
     * A protected method to get a set of ordering conditions.
     *
     * @param   Table  $table  A Table object.
     *
     * @return  string[]  An array of conditions to add to ordering queries.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    protected function getReorderConditions($table)
    {
        return [];
    }

    /**
     * Prepare and sanitise the table data prior to saving.
     *
     * @param   Table  $table  A reference to a Table object.
     *
     * @return  void
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    protected function prepareTable($table)
    {
        // Derived class will provide its own implementation if required.
    }

    /**
     * Method to change the published state of one or more records.
     *
     * @param   array    &$pks   A list of the primary keys to change.
     * @param   integer  $value  The value of the published state.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True on success.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function publish(&$pks, $value = 1)
    {
        $user  = Factory::getUser();
        $table = $this->getTable();
        $pks   = (array) $pks;

        $context = $this->option . '.' . $this->name;

        // Include the plugins for the change of state event.
        PluginHelper::importPlugin($this->events_map['change_state']);

        // Access checks.
        foreach ($pks as $i => $pk) {
            $table->reset();

            if ($table->load($pk)) {
                if (!$this->canEditState($table)) {
                    // Prune items that you can't change.
                    unset($pks[$i]);

                    Log::add(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_EDITSTATE_NOT_PERMITTED'), Log::WARNING, 'jerror');

                    return false;
                }

                // If the table is checked out by another user, drop it and report to the user trying to change its state.
                if ($table->hasField('checked_out') && $table->checked_out && ($table->checked_out != $user->id)) {
                    Log::add(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_CHECKIN_USER_MISMATCH'), Log::WARNING, 'jerror');

                    // Prune items that you can't change.
                    unset($pks[$i]);

                    return false;
                }

                /**
                 * Prune items that are already at the given state.  Note: Only models whose table correctly
                 * sets 'published' column alias (if different than published) will benefit from this
                 */
                $publishedColumnName = $table->getColumnAlias('published');

                if (property_exists($table, $publishedColumnName) && $table->get($publishedColumnName, $value) == $value) {
                    unset($pks[$i]);
                }
            }
        }

        // Check if there are items to change
        if (!\count($pks)) {
            return true;
        }

        // Trigger the before change state event.
        $result = Factory::getApplication()->triggerEvent($this->event_before_change_state, [$context, $pks, $value]);

        if (\in_array(false, $result, true)) {
            $this->setError($table->getError());

            return false;
        }

        // Attempt to change the state of the records.
        if (!$table->publish($pks, $value, $user->get('id'))) {
            $this->setError($table->getError());

            return false;
        }

        // Trigger the change state event.
        $result = Factory::getApplication()->triggerEvent($this->event_change_state, [$context, $pks, $value]);

        if (\in_array(false, $result, true)) {
            $this->setError($table->getError());

            return false;
        }

        // Clear the component's cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Method to adjust the ordering of a row.
     *
     * Returns NULL if the user did not have edit
     * privileges for any of the selected primary keys.
     *
     * @param   integer  $pks    The ID of the primary key to move.
     * @param   integer  $delta  Increment, usually +1 or -1
     *
     * @return  boolean|null  False on failure or error, true on success, null if the $pk is empty (no items selected).
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function reorder($pks, $delta = 0)
    {
        $table  = $this->getTable();
        $pks    = (array) $pks;
        $result = true;

        $allowed = true;

        foreach ($pks as $i => $pk) {
            $table->reset();

            if ($table->load($pk) && $this->checkout($pk)) {
                // Access checks.
                if (!$this->canEditState($table)) {
                    // Prune items that you can't change.
                    unset($pks[$i]);
                    $this->checkin($pk);
                    Log::add(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_EDITSTATE_NOT_PERMITTED'), Log::WARNING, 'jerror');
                    $allowed = false;
                    continue;
                }

                $where = $this->getReorderConditions($table);

                if (!$table->move($delta, $where)) {
                    $this->setError($table->getError());
                    unset($pks[$i]);
                    $result = false;
                }

                $this->checkin($pk);
            } else {
                $this->setError($table->getError());
                unset($pks[$i]);
                $result = false;
            }
        }

        if ($allowed === false && empty($pks)) {
            $result = null;
        }

        // Clear the component's cache
        if ($result == true) {
            $this->cleanCache();
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Method to save the form data.
     *
     * @param   array  $data  The form data.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True on success, False on error.
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function save($data)
    {
        $table      = $this->getTable();
        $context    = $this->option . '.' . $this->name;
        $app        = Factory::getApplication();

        if (\array_key_exists('tags', $data) && \is_array($data['tags'])) {
            $table->newTags = $data['tags'];
        }

        $key   = $table->getKeyName();
        $pk    = (isset($data[$key])) ? $data[$key] : (int) $this->getState($this->getName() . '.id');
        $isNew = true;

        // Include the plugins for the save events.
        PluginHelper::importPlugin($this->events_map['save']);

        // Allow an exception to be thrown.
        try {
            // Load the row if saving an existing record.
            if ($pk > 0) {
                $table->load($pk);
                $isNew = false;
            }

            // Bind the data.
            if (!$table->bind($data)) {
                $this->setError($table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Prepare the row for saving
            $this->prepareTable($table);

            // Check the data.
            if (!$table->check()) {
                $this->setError($table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Trigger the before save event.
            $result = $app->triggerEvent($this->event_before_save, [$context, $table, $isNew, $data]);

            if (\in_array(false, $result, true)) {
                $this->setError($table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Store the data.
            if (!$table->store()) {
                $this->setError($table->getError());

                return false;
            }

            // Clean the cache.
            $this->cleanCache();

            // Trigger the after save event.
            $app->triggerEvent($this->event_after_save, [$context, $table, $isNew, $data]);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            $this->setError($e->getMessage());

            return false;
        }

        if (isset($table->$key)) {
            $this->setState($this->getName() . '.id', $table->$key);
        }

        $this->setState($this->getName() . '.new', $isNew);

        if ($this->associationsContext && Associations::isEnabled() && !empty($data['associations'])) {
            $associations = $data['associations'];

            // Unset any invalid associations
            $associations = ArrayHelper::toInteger($associations);

            // Unset any invalid associations
            foreach ($associations as $tag => $id) {
                if (!$id) {
                    unset($associations[$tag]);
                }
            }

            // Show a warning if the item isn't assigned to a language but we have associations.
            if ($associations && $table->language === '*') {
                $app->enqueueMessage(
                    Text::_(strtoupper($this->option) . '_ERROR_ALL_LANGUAGE_ASSOCIATED'),
                    'warning'
                );
            }

            // Get associationskey for edited item
            $db    = $this->getDbo();
            $id    = (int) $table->$key;
            $query = $db->getQuery(true)
                ->select($db->quoteName('key'))
                ->from($db->quoteName('#__associations'))
                ->where($db->quoteName('context') . ' = :context')
                ->where($db->quoteName('id') . ' = :id')
                ->bind(':context', $this->associationsContext)
                ->bind(':id', $id, ParameterType::INTEGER);
            $db->setQuery($query);
            $oldKey = $db->loadResult();

            if ($associations || $oldKey !== null) {
                // Deleting old associations for the associated items
                $query = $db->getQuery(true)
                    ->delete($db->quoteName('#__associations'))
                    ->where($db->quoteName('context') . ' = :context')
                    ->bind(':context', $this->associationsContext);

                $where = [];

                if ($associations) {
                    $where[] = $db->quoteName('id') . ' IN (' . implode(',', $query->bindArray(array_values($associations))) . ')';
                }

                if ($oldKey !== null) {
                    $where[] = $db->quoteName('key') . ' = :oldKey';
                    $query->bind(':oldKey', $oldKey);
                }

                $query->extendWhere('AND', $where, 'OR');
                $db->setQuery($query);
                $db->execute();
            }

            // Adding self to the association
            if ($table->language !== '*') {
                $associations[$table->language] = (int) $table->$key;
            }

            if (\count($associations) > 1) {
                // Adding new association for these items
                $key   = md5(json_encode($associations));
                $query = $db->getQuery(true)
                    ->insert($db->quoteName('#__associations'))
                    ->columns(
                        [
                            $db->quoteName('id'),
                            $db->quoteName('context'),
                            $db->quoteName('key'),
                        ]
                    );

                foreach ($associations as $id) {
                    $query->values(
                        implode(
                            ',',
                            $query->bindArray(
                                [$id, $this->associationsContext, $key],
                                [ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING, ParameterType::STRING]
                            )
                        )
                    );
                }

                $db->setQuery($query);
                $db->execute();
            }
        }

        if ($app->getInput()->get('task') == 'editAssociations') {
            return $this->redirectToAssociations($data);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Saves the manually set order of records.
     *
     * @param   array    $pks    An array of primary key ids.
     * @param   integer  $order  +1 or -1
     *
     * @return  boolean  Boolean true on success, false on failure
     *
     * @since   1.6
     */
    public function saveorder($pks = [], $order = null)
    {
        // Initialize re-usable member properties
        $this->initBatch();

        $conditions = [];

        if (empty($pks)) {
            Factory::getApplication()->enqueueMessage(Text::_($this->text_prefix . '_ERROR_NO_ITEMS_SELECTED'), 'error');

            return false;
        }

        $orderingField = $this->table->getColumnAlias('ordering');

        // Update ordering values
        foreach ($pks as $i => $pk) {
            $this->table->load((int) $pk);

            // We don't want to modify tags on reorder, not removing the tagsHelper removes all associated tags
            if ($this->table instanceof TaggableTableInterface) {
                $this->table->clearTagsHelper();
            }

            // Access checks.
            if (!$this->canEditState($this->table)) {
                // Prune items that you can't change.
                unset($pks[$i]);
                Log::add(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_EDITSTATE_NOT_PERMITTED'), Log::WARNING, 'jerror');
            } elseif ($this->table->$orderingField != $order[$i]) {
                $this->table->$orderingField = $order[$i];

                if (!$this->table->store()) {
                    $this->setError($this->table->getError());

                    return false;
                }

                // Remember to reorder within position and client_id
                $condition = $this->getReorderConditions($this->table);
                $found     = false;

                foreach ($conditions as $cond) {
                    if ($cond[1] == $condition) {
                        $found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!$found) {
                    $key          = $this->table->getKeyName();
                    $conditions[] = [$this->table->$key, $condition];
                }
            }
        }

        // Execute reorder for each category.
        foreach ($conditions as $cond) {
            $this->table->load($cond[0]);
            $this->table->reorder($cond[1]);
        }

        // Clear the component's cache
        $this->cleanCache();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Method to check the validity of the category ID for batch copy and move
     *
     * @param   integer  $categoryId  The category ID to check
     *
     * @return  boolean
     *
     * @since   3.2
     */
    protected function checkCategoryId($categoryId)
    {
        // Check that the category exists
        if ($categoryId) {
            $categoryTable = Table::getInstance('Category');

            if (!$categoryTable->load($categoryId)) {
                if ($error = $categoryTable->getError()) {
                    // Fatal error
                    $this->setError($error);

                    return false;
                } else {
                    $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_MOVE_CATEGORY_NOT_FOUND'));

                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        if (empty($categoryId)) {
            $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_MOVE_CATEGORY_NOT_FOUND'));

            return false;
        }

        // Check that the user has create permission for the component
        $extension = Factory::getApplication()->getInput()->get('option', '');
        $user      = Factory::getUser();

        if (!$user->authorise('core.create', $extension . '.category.' . $categoryId)) {
            $this->setError(Text::_('JLIB_APPLICATION_ERROR_BATCH_CANNOT_CREATE'));

            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * A method to preprocess generating a new title in order to allow tables with alternative names
     * for alias and title to use the batch move and copy methods
     *
     * @param   integer  $categoryId  The target category id
     * @param   Table    $table       The Table within which move or copy is taking place
     *
     * @return  void
     *
     * @since   3.2
     */
    public function generateTitle($categoryId, $table)
    {
        // Alter the title & alias
        $titleField         = $table->getColumnAlias('title');
        $aliasField         = $table->getColumnAlias('alias');
        $data               = $this->generateNewTitle($categoryId, $table->$aliasField, $table->$titleField);
        $table->$titleField = $data['0'];
        $table->$aliasField = $data['1'];
    }

    /**
     * Method to initialize member variables used by batch methods and other methods like saveorder()
     *
     * @return  void
     *
     * @since   3.8.2
     */
    public function initBatch()
    {
        if ($this->batchSet === null) {
            $this->batchSet = true;

            // Get current user
            $this->user = Factory::getUser();

            // Get table
            $this->table = $this->getTable();

            // Get table class name
            $tc                   = explode('\\', \get_class($this->table));
            $this->tableClassName = end($tc);

            // Get UCM Type data
            $this->contentType = new UCMType();
            $this->type        = $this->contentType->getTypeByTable($this->tableClassName)
                ?: $this->contentType->getTypeByAlias($this->typeAlias);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Method to load an item in com_associations.
     *
     * @param   array  $data  The form data.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false otherwise.
     *
     * @since   3.9.0
     *
     * @deprecated  4.3 will be removed in 6.0
     *              It is handled by regular save method now.
     */
    public function editAssociations($data)
    {
        // Save the item
        return $this->save($data);
    }

    /**
     * Method to load an item in com_associations.
     *
     * @param   array  $data  The form data.
     *
     * @return  boolean  True if successful, false otherwise.
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     * @since   3.9.17
     */
    protected function redirectToAssociations($data)
    {
        $app = Factory::getApplication();
        $id  = $data['id'];

        // Deal with categories associations
        if ($this->text_prefix === 'COM_CATEGORIES') {
            $extension       = $app->getInput()->get('extension', 'com_content');
            $this->typeAlias = $extension . '.category';
            $component       = strtolower($this->text_prefix);
            $view            = 'category';
        } else {
            $aliasArray = explode('.', $this->typeAlias);
            $component  = $aliasArray[0];
            $view       = $aliasArray[1];
            $extension  = '';
        }

        // Menu item redirect needs admin client
        $client = $component === 'com_menus' ? '&client_id=0' : '';

        if ($id == 0) {
            $app->enqueueMessage(Text::_('JGLOBAL_ASSOCIATIONS_NEW_ITEM_WARNING'), 'error');
            $app->redirect(
                Route::_('index.php?option=' . $component . '&view=' . $view . $client . '&layout=edit&id=' . $id . $extension, false)
            );

            return false;
        }

        if ($data['language'] === '*') {
            $app->enqueueMessage(Text::_('JGLOBAL_ASSOC_NOT_POSSIBLE'), 'notice');
            $app->redirect(
                Route::_('index.php?option=' . $component . '&view=' . $view . $client . '&layout=edit&id=' . $id . $extension, false)
            );

            return false;
        }

        $languages = LanguageHelper::getContentLanguages([0, 1]);
        $target    = '';

        /**
         * If the site contains only 2 languages and an association exists for the item
         * load directly the associated target item in the side by side view
         * otherwise select already the target language
         */
        if (count($languages) === 2) {
            $lang_code = [];

            foreach ($languages as $language) {
                $lang_code[] = $language->lang_code;
            }

            $refLang    = [$data['language']];
            $targetLang = array_diff($lang_code, $refLang);
            $targetLang = implode(',', $targetLang);
            $targetId   = $data['associations'][$targetLang];

            if ($targetId) {
                $target = '&target=' . $targetLang . '%3A' . $targetId . '%3Aedit';
            } else {
                $target = '&target=' . $targetLang . '%3A0%3Aadd';
            }
        }

        $app->redirect(
            Route::_(
                'index.php?option=com_associations&view=association&layout=edit&itemtype=' . $this->typeAlias
                    . '&task=association.edit&id=' . $id . $target,
                false
            )
        );

        return true;
    }